Autism Research Paper

1 Autism is a social, mental, and physical condition that affects children and adults every year. Many families have dealt and are dealing with the struggles that accompany this disease. Autism can affect a person in various ways, and there are many different forms that can range from mild to severe. Autism stays with a person throughout their whole life. It is believed that two to six of every thousand people on the Earth suffer from autism. American psychiatrist Leo Kanner came up with the name Autism in the 1940’s from the Greek word for self. Chez, 20) There is no known cause or treatment for this disease as of today, but researchers are learning more every day. One parent described her child, saying, â€Å"There was no joy, no sadness, no curiosity, no connection, nothing. † (Seroussi, 28) There are many symptoms of Autism. These symptoms can be displayed as early as birth, or as late as adulthood, but most cases appear in young children. These symptoms can also ra nge in severity. Some cases are undiagnosed because of the subtleness of the symptoms, while others make it impossible for a person to function on their own.Some of these symptoms can be mental, but most of the recognized signs of Autism are physical. There are also many different kinds of Autism. There is Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger's syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD). Each of these come with their own set of symptoms, and affect a person differently. Most people just clump all of these conditions together as Autism, but the â€Å"scientific† term for these syndromes is â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorders† or â€Å"Pervasive Developmental Disorders. † 2The symptoms of Autism can be mental or physical. The mental aspect of Autism can hinder a child from being able to communicate and interact with others. There are many combinations of the symptoms that can change a way a child intera cts in many different forms. There are three main parts of a child’s social life that Autism can affect. Autism can cause abnormal social interactions, abnormal communication, and/or restrictive or repetitive interests and behaviors. (Chez, 32) Abnormal social interaction comes in a variety of forms. There could be a failure to seek comfort in ones parent or a lack of eye contact.Some children won’t respond to their name being called or won’t want to play with other children. Most Autistic children don’t understand social behaviors necessary to interact safely and normally with others. This tends to lead the children into isolation. There is also a sense of abnormal communication linked to Autism. Most Autistic children don’t develop their language as early as normal children would. Some children wont ever develop any type of verbal language. They will learn sign language, or other forms of hand gestures. They use facial expressions to communicate with others.Some children will talk endlessly about one subject, going on for hours and hours about the same thing. Autistic children tend to take words literally and speak very precisely. Some suffer from echolalia, which is repeating what is said but not actually replying or responding to a question or statement. Finally, Autism can present with restrictive or repetitive interests or behaviors. Some children will find an interest in one certain thing or subject. One child might have an obsession with clocks, another with airplanes, and another with calendars.A child could find an interest in 3 anything you could possibly imagine. They usually spend all of their time nurturing this interest, and don’t think much about anything else. They will also isolate themselves in that way. Some children suffer from repetitive movements such as hand flapping, rocking, or head banging. Some suffer from OCD, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. They will do things such as placing all their t oys in a row instead of playing with them, or organizing things to such an extent that some would find it unnecessary.Most Autistic children insist on everything being the same, and don’t know how to react to any type of change. One parent described her child, saying, â€Å"His screams sounded like a foreign language. † (Seroussi, 25) She also said her child suffered from obsessive clapping, patting his head, and touching the table constantly. Another child would sit and watch the family fishes for hours a day and would just walk back and forth on the gravel in the driveway. He sat and screamed for hours also. He also suffered from a lack of communication. He could never say what he wanted.He just pointed and screamed. Another child cried constantly. He would cry when he didn’t get his bottle. But that wasn’t all. He would cry the second he woke up every single morning. He could cry for at least half an hour after every single nap he took, and nothing see med to help ever. Any parent of an Autistic child can relate to these stories. The symptoms of this disease can also be physical. Some children can suffer from various conditions such as reflux, insomnia, or ear infections. Few children will suffer 4 from â€Å"glue ear† which is an inflammation in the middle section of the ear.There is usually fluid build up that may or may not be infected. This can cause an excruciating earache. Some children will suffer from eczema, high fevers, or seizures. Others can have chronic nonspecific diarrhea or a language delay. It is believed that 40-50% of children suffering from autism also suffer from gastrointestinal reflux. Some may also suffer from chronic constipation. Some children may have constantly shaking limbs. It has been seen that some children will get autoimmune diseases. As you can see, there is an array of other symptoms that can accompany Autism.Some children can experience most of these, while others will experience barely any. Each case is different, and each family has their own way of dealing with these symptoms. There are many things that are believed to be causes of Autism, and many different types of Autism. Three main things that are believed to cause Autism are environmental factors, dietary deficiencies, and genetics. There is an abnormality in the development of the brain in Autistic children. All of the symptoms are too complex for one part of the brain to be able to cause them all though.It has been discovered that there are lower numbers of Purkinje cells in the brains of Autistic children. These cells are very important and vital to coordination of movement. This discovery may suggest that these cells may play a role in the planning or function part of ones brain. Scientists are currently trying to find out what part of the reduction of these cells causes all of Autisms many symptoms. Usually children with Autism are born with a smaller head 5 than normal, and experience great growth in their first year. This is believed to be an environmental cause of Autism.Some scientists think that if a pregnant woman is exposed to rubella (German measles) or other drugs it can cause a child to develop Autism. Some people would believe that since most Autistic children have trouble learning, they could receive a simple diagnosis of mental retardation. But this is not so. Children who are mentally retarded usually present with a smaller brain size than normal. But most children with Autism have a larger brain than others. This suggests that even though Autism and mental retardation sometimes present together, the causes of both are completely different from one another.There are many different difficulties with diagnosing Autism. Some parents are believed to have a mental disorder, or their doctors don’t believe them. They think they are overreacting to what is a normal childhood. But these parents know that there is something wrong with their child. Some parents will los e sleep and seem very anxious, leading the doctors to believe there is something wrong with them and not the child. One mother even suffered flashbacks. One parent said â€Å"You cant compare him to Laura- she was so precocious. Boys talk later than girls do. He’s had so many ear infections.Alan didn’t talk until he was three. My next-door neighbors son didn’t talk until he was four. †(source 2 p 23) There are many different factors in the diagnosis process that can hinder a family or doctor from getting the correct diagnosis. 6 Once a child has received the diagnosis of Autism, doctors still have to sort through all of the different types of Autism. Some children will suffer from Aspergers syndrome. They are characterized as being very fluent in language. They tend to have anxiety or seek attention. Some children can suffer from OCD or spelling of phonic issues.There can also be sleep dysfunction or epilepsy in these children. Most children will present with social awkwardness, anger issues or violence, or appear lost. Some will have a sensitivity to touch or noise. Children with Rett syndrome tend to present with breathing problems. These can be very difficult for a parent to watch. Some will present with apraxia, floppy looking arms or legs, or bluish arms or legs caused by poor circulation. Children with PDD-NOS tend to seem eager to make friends, but may not act normally around others. They tend to end up being very close with their parents.Most PDD-NOS children cannot read facial expressions or interpret the feelings of others. They also tend to have delayed speech. CDD is characterized by at least two years of normal development, followed by loss of language, social skills, and motor skills before age ten. It is important to note that every case is different, and some children can present with none of these symptoms, while others will seem to have all of them. There are many different ways to â€Å"treat† Autism. Some families will try to restrict a childs diet or change the types of activities they take part in.Others will try therapy. There is no known cure for Autism as of today, but researchers are working together to attempt at finding a way to get rid of this life changing disease. A child with Autism has several doctors. Most children will have a regular pediatrician, a pyschatrist, 7 a neurologist, a diatrician, and a developmental pediatrician. (Chez, 54) Each of these doctors plays a very important role in the treatment and management of Autism. One form of treatment for some families is diet. Some families will try to exclude certain foods or food groups from a childs diet.One mother said that even though she knew her son loved milk and cheese, she deicided to exclude any and all dairy products from his diet. These effects can be positive or negative. One family noted that when there was no dairy in their childs diet, they saw an improvement in eye contact. Another family saw that when they switched their child to pure cows milk, things took a turn for the worse. Another family noticed that their child craved wheat constantly. They decided to limit his amount of it, and noticed a slight improvement.Removal of gluten (a protein found in barley, rye, oats, and wheat) and casein (a protein found in dairy products), is what is known as a Gluten Free, Casein Free diet, or GFCF. There is no scientific research behind the hypothesis of GFCF, but many families have noted that it has regulated many of the habitual behaviors. Some families believe that diet can be a main cause of Autism, and changing their child’s eating habits can help to change their symptoms. The other option of treatment is to try some kind of therapy. Most families will try therapy at one point or another.Some will try behavioral intervention, where a child is rewarded for â€Å"normal† behaviors. There is also the option of behavioral analysis, where a doctor or therapist will observe a child and try to â€Å"fix† some abnormal behaviors. Some families will turn to drug therapy, which has been reported to reduce 8 some repetitive behaviors. Some children will be put on a regimen of antipsychotics, mood stabilizing meds, and/or stimulants or non-stimulants. Some families will try to cure their child through various immunizations. There have been immunizations of brain fluid and spinal tissue in the past.Sometimes serum samples can be used. There are a variety of treatments, but one thing is very important to realize. One type of treatment could work wonders for one child, but have no affect on another. Each child is different, and each case varies. â€Å"Would I do anything for my child? What would I risk to save a stranger’s child? Will I fight this thing, beat it down until it exists no more to torture innocent families? This goal will become part of my life, my daily purpose, my reason for living. I have no choice. I will be driven in a way that I never dreamed I could, and I will not rest until the beast has been slain. (Seroussi, 61) This quote shows how any family would do anything for their child. Autism is a social disease that affects hundreds of thousands. The affects of Autism aren’t seen in just the child though, as you can see. A family will also suffer. They will deal with the stress and difficulty of raising a child who at times cannot communicate, and will have many health issues. A family can be torn apart by this, or come closer together. In the end, it’s all about the love that said family shares for one another, and their precious child.

Prayer should be allowed in Public Schools Essay

The issue regarding the constitutionality of mandatory school prayer in schools in hinged on the separation between the church and the state that has been decreed by the constitution. On one side, there are those who argue that prayer in public school classrooms should be declared unconstitutional because it involves â€Å"excessive entanglement,† which is prohibited under the doctrine of separation of church and state (Clark 35). The other view is based more on the argument that such act is permissible because even the Pledge of allegiance contains the phrase â€Å"under God. (Clark 35)† It is humbly submitted in this position paper, however, that the more correct view remains to be that prayer in classrooms should be tolerated as long as it is not mandatory. In arriving at a better understanding of this issue, it is first important to define the constitutional issue at hand. The phrase, â€Å"separation of Church and State†, is actually from a letter that was written by one of the founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson, to a group that called themselves the Danbury Baptists (Busher 13). In the letter, Thomas Jefferson wrote that, â€Å"I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, thus building a wall of separation between Church and State. † This was of course in reference to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution (Whitsitt 186). The basic precept of this doctrine is founded on a firm belief that religion and state should be separate. It covers a very wide spectrum, as mentioned in the previous sections of this discussion, ranging from the secularization or elimination of the church to theocracy wherein the state works in tandem with a religion in order to govern over the acts of people (Bradley 199) The problem is that while the church and state do maintain that there is indeed a necessity to abide by the doctrine of the separation of church and state there is no clear way of delineating the boundaries between the spheres of these two institutions (Bradley 199). There are still certain acts that require entanglement between the church and the state because of the duty of the government to cater to the welfare of its people who invariably belong to some form of religion, in most cases. One of these instances is when prayer is allowed in public school classrooms. To argue that prayer is unconstitutional would be to deny the people the right to their rich American history. The first settlers were Pilgrims and even the first thanksgiving meal, though not seemingly a prayer by conventional means, was actually an act of thanking the almighty God for all the blessings (Bradley 199). If prayer is to be considered as a religious affirmation that is offensive to the constitution then other forms such as the pledge of allegiance and the â€Å"In God We Trust† declaration on the dollar bill must also be struck down (Bradley 199). It cannot therefore be argued prayer in public school classrooms is a clear violation of the establishment clause when even the humble dollar bill has the sign â€Å"in God we trust† written on it. If it is to be argued that prayer is a violation of the establishment clause then so must the dollar bill be struck down as a violation (Bradley 199). Yet time and again the almighty dollar has prevailed. The reason for this is because such a declaration is not an endorsement of a single religion, which is exactly what the establishment clause prohibits, but rather it is a declaration by the American people of their belief in a superior being. This argument is not limited to a single God but to all Gods of whatever beliefs. The beauty of the American democracy is that it empowers instead of stifles. It encourages instead of denies. To argue that prayer should not be allowed is unpatriotic, it is un-American. A prayer is a sign of thanks for everything that has been given to everyone. A single word or phrase isolated and taken out of context does much to remove the original intent from it. Reciting a prayer in public school classrooms does not further the cause of any single religion. Instead, it serves to show the rest of the world the pride that Americans have for their great nation. It shows unity. It shows strength. It shows the American way. References: Clark, James R. (1965). Messages of the First Presidency. Brigham Young University, Department of Educational Leadership & Foundations. Retrieved on 2007-1-30. Fighting the Establishment (Clause). Bradley, Jennifer, The American Prospect, September 1, 1996. Available at: http://www. prospect. org/print/V7/28/bradley-j. html Religion in the Public Schools: A Joint Statement of Current Law. The American Civil Liberties Union, 1996. Available at: http://aclu. org/issues/religion/relig7. html West Encyclopedia of American Law. West Group, 1998. Busher, Leonard (1614). Religious Peace: or, a Plea for Liberty of Conscience. Whitsitt, Dr. William (1896). A Question in Baptist History: Whether the Anabaptists in England Practiced Immersion Before the Year 1641?. C. T. Dearing, pp. 69-70.

Operations management Essay

McDonald’s Corporation is the world’s largest chain of fast-food restaurants. They’ve proudly served more than 46 million customers in 59 different countries and currently have more than 30,000 different locations worldwide. The fast food industry is booming at a rapid rate, especially the health conscious food options. With this in mind, McDonald’s has a strategic plan to stay on top of their competitors by providing consumers with affordable prices, great service, and more healthy meal options. McDonald’s is competitive in many categories, including price, quality, management and employee training. Consumers trust McDonald’s products because they use many of the same trusted brands that families buy at local grocery stores. Operations Strategy â€Å"In many companies, the key to success is often an operations-based advantage. Superior operations effectiveness not only serves to buttress a company’s existing competitive position, but, when based on capabilities that are embedded in the company’s people and operating processes, is inherently difficult to imitate.† –R. H. Hayes and D. M. Upton, â€Å"Opeations-based Strategy.† California Management Review, Summer, 1998. McDonald’s utilizes an excellent operations strategy in order to gain a larger market share and increase value to the shareholders. The corporation specifically focuses on speed, standardization, quality, and affordability. McDonalds has moved ahead of the competition by focusing on these factors. McDonald’s competes on three main bases, such as speed, affordability, and standardization, mainly to make their customers happy. Through extensive market research and surveys, the organization discovered that its customers desired speed as one of the restaurants’ top priorities. Therefore, McDonald’s vision aims to â€Å"provide fast, friendly and accurate service† (â€Å"McDonald’s Worldwide†). McDonald’s realized that specific targets are necessary to measure the performance of speed; therefore, they continuously take relevant measurements to compare actual performance with desired targets. From the customer’s order, to the making of the burger, and till the customer leaves the restaurant, speed is a key factor in McDonald’s operation strategy. To reduce the amount of time it takes to provide services, the company uses standardized training processes for its employees and new drive-thru layouts. Along with speed, McDonald’s also competes by offering prices at a low cost. McDonald’s organization recently underwent drastic strategy changes to better serve their customers. Under their previous system, the company would make several sandwiches at once, and hold the sandwiches in a warming bin until purchased by a customer. Under this system, management had to precisely predict how much food had to be put on hold. Precise prediction had to be used because if there were not enough food placed on hold, this would create the problem of increase waiting times for customers, and too much food would cause waste of expired items. McDonald’s dramatically changed their strategy in order to stay competitive with other fast food organizations. Product development Organisations exist to provide products and services which can be purchased by other organisations or an individual. Therefore planning of products and services is one of the most important operations of any organisation. It involves designing products with both economy and quality in mind, which a customer will find attractive, be able to understand and quickly able to use with minimum risk and which delights him or her by its performance or flavour or durability etc. (Bicheno, 2002; p51) In McDonald’s Restaurants, product development is a key operation. It has to keep on adding new products to its menu so as to meet the needs of the customers as their needs and preferences are constantly changing. For instance, the increasing preference of consumers towards healthy food made the restaurant add healthier food items to its menu. Similarly it has to add new products for different seasons, for examples hot coffee in winter and milkshakes in summer. Capacity Control The second operation decision important for organisations is capacity planning. Capacity planning and control is the task of setting the effective capacity of the operation so that it can respond to the demands placed upon it. This normally means determining how the operation should respond to fluctuations in demand. Operations managers usually distinguish between short, medium and long-term capacity decisions. For short- and medium-term capacity planning, the capacity level of the operation is adjusted within the fixed physical limits that are set by long-term capacity decisions. This is also referred to as aggregate planning and control because it is necessary to aggregate the various types of output from an operation into one figure. (source: http://www.mas.dti.gov.uk/content/resources/categories/fact/FACT_Capacity_planning.html) In McDonalds Restaurant, the operations managers have to set its capacity of making food items in such a way that it responds quickly to the demands of those items in peak hours which is very important for a fast food restaurant like McDonalds. It also have to make sure that it has enough stock of ingredients to prepare food items which is very important because if one ingredients fall short then the whole process of making food may halt. For instance if the buns required for making hamburgers falls short then the restaurant may not be able to sell any hamburgers even if it has enough quantities of other ingredients. Facility location Location planning is one of the important operations that every organisation carries out and it is essentially one of the critical success factors for any organisation. Success or failure of any organisation may well depend on the location where it is situated. Therefore it is very important for businesses to choose an ideal location. Businesses may choose location on the basis of various factors such as proximity to the source of raw material, cost-effectiveness, proximity to customers or suppliers, competition in the area, transportation availability and cost, availability of resources, and availability of right labour. McDonalds Restaurants also have to plan their location in such a way so that maximum customers visit their restaurants. Therefore McDonalds prefer locations such that it can have large customer base, transport access and availability of parking space. Moreover it also prefers locations that are suitable for raw material delivery that is availability of ample space for deliveries of raw material. Process design: After developing the product the businesses have to develop processes for making and supporting the product. Organisations have to identify appropriate processes which will be needed to achieve required level of output of the planned goods and services at right quality standards. Organisation considers both the traditional methods in which the organisation has handled and processed its products and services and the possible alternatives which currently present themselves. That is, it considers the advancement of technology, computing power, and evolving managerial expertise. Bicheno, 2002; p99 In McDonalds restaurant also, the operations manager develop and establishes the process of cooking food items so that food is prepared using that method which helps them to maintain the speed and the quality of the food. Moreover it also designs processes so that the health, safety and hygiene issues are taken into consideration. Also the managers keep on introducing latest equipments with the advancement of technology so as to bring pace, perfection and quality in the product. Layout Design Layout is the arrangement of facility to provide working, service and reception, storage and administrative areas. The layout is designed by traditional techniques using templates, scale plans, string diagrams, and travel charting as they have been proved as low-cost methods of achieving either optimal or near optimal layout plans. Poor layouts can greatly reduce the overall capacity and overall productivity. Therefore care must be taken by organisation when designing layout. (Bicheno, 2002; p121) In McDonalds Restaurant also layout designing is a very important operation. A proper layout of the equipments in the kitchen is very essential to ensure preparation of quality food in less time. It also designs its layout keeping in mind the health and safety issues. It also designs layout in such a way that needs of supervision is minimised. Another factor that is considered is the cost of production which also depends on the layout. . Inventory Management Inventory management is another important operation of any organisation. It involves choosing the best method of inventory control. While choosing the method of inventory control, the organisations must keep in mind the expected demands of the products. The basis on which the organisations choose their methods of inventory control may differ but the common idea is to ensure that the mix of inventory types is able to satisfy customer needsand deliver the required profitability and cash flows. In McDonalds the inventory is managed on the basis of First-In-First-Out basis. This is because most of the inventory consists of perishable items. Therefore delivery of inventory happens thrice or more times a week depending on the business of the restaurant. Moreover inventory is stored in freezer with proper packaging so as to ensure freshness of the food items. All this activities comes under inventory management of the organisation. Quality Management Quality management consists of maintaining the quality of the goods and services so as to meet the minimum requirements laid by the industry. Moreover it is important so as to keep up the reputation of the organisation. To manage and maintain the quality of the products and services the organisation may adopt a number of practices like quality checks procedure etc. Quality in McDonald restaurant is very important because of two reasons. Firstly because of the legal requirements of the quality of food served. Secondly ,to keep up the good reputation which McDonalds restaurants have earned over the years. Quality of food can be very difficult to maintain and therefore McDonalds restaurant carry on a number of practices to make sure that quality food is served. Some of these practices are the visits by the food inspector from the head office, supervisor checks etc. Maintenance Maintenance means preservation of the things in the organisation. In simple words, maintenance is way of protecting your production workers, office workers, drivers, and all the other users of your organization’s assets. (http://www.maintenanceresources.com/ReferenceLibrary/MaintenanceManagement/The_Battle_of_Maintenance.htm) In McDonalds, there are several equipments that are used for the preparation of food. Therefore it is very important to maintain and service those equipments so as to maintain the quality of the product, safety of the employees and to avoid further costs of repairing machines. Another important things that needs maintenance are hygiene, costs, quality etc. CONCLUSION: Therefore we conclude that operations management is very important for any organisations as they have a relationship with the overall strategy of the organisation. Operations management contributes to the strategy and therefore helps the organisation to gain competitive advantage. For instance, process planning can help the organisation reduce cost and gain cost advantages and therefore gain competitive advantage. Therefore the organisations must effectively manage the operations of the business as it has a massive effect on the strategy of the organisation Bibilgraphy Chase, R., Jacobs, F., Aquilano, N. Operations Management for Competitive Advantage (10th Edition). McGraw-Hill Irwin; Boston; 2004. Howard, Lisa. â€Å"Suppliers.† June 19, 2003. Accessed online on November 8, 2004 at: . Kerin, R., Berkowitz, E., Hartley, S., Rudelius, W. Marketing (7th Edition). McGraw- Hill Irwin; Boston; 2003. Lessnau, Ronald, Current McDonald’s Owner. Personal Interview â€Å"McDonald’s Worldwide Corporate Responsibility Report 2004.† Accessed online on October Phillips, Eddie, Prior McDonald’s Manager, Personal Interview, Phillips, Kenny, Current McDonald’s Manager. Personal Interview, October 27, 2010 â€Å"Restaurant Management.† McDonald’s Restaurant Management Careers. Accessed online Zuber, Amy. â€Å"Big Mac, Big Value: McD to Lower Prices;† Accessed online at http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles /mi_m3190/is_50_35/ai_80748686. View as multi-pages Topics in this document

CVS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CVS - Essay Example As competitors, the two companies monitor the moves of each other thereby ensuring that they change their marketing strategies accordingly. CVS Pharmacy’s products are cheaper than the drugs at Walgreen. The difference in the prices arises from the uniqueness of the markets the two pharmacies target. Drugs at CSV are averagely $1 cheaper than at Walgreen. Walgreen targets the wealthy while CVS targets the middle class a feature that justifies the differences in pricing. The two pharmacies advertise their products and services in different media depending on the cost implications of such besides their effectiveness in reaching the target audience. Such media include billboards, radio, television and newspaper among many others. Additionally, the pharmacies enjoy strategic locations in the cities, a feature that portrays the entrepreneurs’ consideration of place as a fundamental element of the marketing mix. Social media is yet another marketing platform that the two pharmacies use differently in growing their market shares. â€Å"Such different platforms as Facebook and Twitter offer marketers with unique platforms for interactions as both parties share information by posting on the walls of each other.† (Palmer 53). The two pharmacies use the sites differently owing to their unique structures and organizational cultures. CVs pharmacy has numerous Facebook pages and groups in which the company’s marketers interact with their target audiences through posts and comments thereby sharing ideas on the performance of the pharmacy in the market. Besides Facebook, the company has several Twitter accounts, which serves a similar purpose. Walgreen has similar platforms in which it communicates with its target audience while carrying out equally effective marketing researches. CVS Pharmacy for example introduced online shopping owing to the advent of

Sussmayrs and Maunders Editions of Mozarts Requiem Essay

Sussmayrs and Maunders Editions of Mozarts Requiem - Essay Example It is reported that Mozart’s Requiem mass was assigned by Count Walsegg to Mozart in the memory of his wife in early 1791. Mozart started his work on this classical work in the fall of 1791, during this work he suffered from fever and died without completing his requiem (Levin et al., 2008). According to Grout, Burkholder and Palisca (2005), the requiem Aeternam, figured bass, choral, and several essential instrumental components of first 8 measures of Lacrimosa; Domine Jesu Christ as well as Hostias were at the initial stages. It was Franz Xaver Sussmayr, who was working with Mozart at that time, who completed the incomplete Mozart’s Requiem. From definition, a requiem refers to the mass for the dead as the first line of the introit says, â€Å"Eternal rest grant them, O Lord† (Mozart, 1998). There are different editions of Mozart’s Requiem and all are dissimilar from each other. There is controversy on the script and structure of different editions. However, it is very evident that it was written in 1791 in ‘Requiem in D minor, K. 626’ by Mozart and was the last as well as best recognized and the most impressive composition of his life (Harrison, 1997). Its music was a classical addition to western music and its complicated compositional history. The recent studies reveal that the aeternam was also added with some orchestral bars by another composer. Kyrie and Dies Irae to Confutatis were in the form of vocal parts at the death of Mozart. Moreover, some of the most well-known orchestral parts were also indicated by him, example of the orchestral contribution from Mozart include violin element of Confutatis and melodious links in the Recordare (Leeson, 2004). During twentieth century, many musicologists pointed out several weaknesses in the traditional edition of Mozart’s Requiem which was accomplished by Sussmayr. Therefore, they offered alternative editions of the Requiem. After the traditional edition, five other editions of Mozart’s work have been represented by Beyer, Druce, Maunder, Landon and Levin. Every one of these musicologists completed the Requiem by following a different approach. Beyer presented an edition that offered revisions of Sussmayr’s orchestration and claimed to make them more familiar to Mozart’s style. On the other hand, Maunder’s edition agreed with the orchestral parts of Sussmayr’s edition but decided to retain the Agnus Dei when he discovered an exclusive phrase in Sparrow Mass, K. 220 (Davies, 2004). The next section gives detailed overview of the two editions of Mozart’s Requiem, the traditional edition of accomplished by Sussmayr and Maunder’s edition, assessment of the resources and their mutual relationship be discussed. An investigation in to the sources of Sussmayr’s and Maunder’s Editions of Mozart’s Requiem and their relationship to each other Wolff and Whittall (1998) described the tradition edition of Requiem completed by Sussmayr. They expressed a strong belief in the authenticity and originality of this score. It is the only score that must be protected as the most existing, chronological,

Inadequacies of Accounting Ratios as Tools of Financial Analysis Essay

Inadequacies of Accounting Ratios as Tools of Financial Analysis - Essay Example On the contrary, the financial ratios are also possible due to the flow that goes on to divide the same by a level that comprises of the return on equity or the earnings itself with respect to the equity. [Osteryoung, 1992] In calculating financial ratios, one must fathom that the numerator or the denominator at any point in time might just be the ratio, remarked as the PEG ratio. This paper discusses the financial ratios and the five categories associated with it as well as the questions that are answered to decide how the weight is evaluated owing to the financial health of an entity. This is quite true that in terms of financial ratios, the ratio analysis has got its due part in telling one and all about the whole category and as such the industry. On the other hand, there are a number of important pointers that one can pick with regards to the theory of ratios for that matter. Let us start with the financial ratios. These are the flags that in essence lay the foundation for showi ng those areas that can be remarked as the ones having strengths or weaknesses. [Mills, 1998] For this point in case, even more than one ratios can eventually be misleading, but when the same are combined with different knowledge that are available in the wake of an industry, ratio analysis can go a long way in discussing and indeed detailing about this industry. Secondly, one is unable to discern or find a single correct value for a ratio that needs to be chalked up for this whole scenario and more often than not; these are not absolute terms.

The Universe Next Door Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Universe Next Door - Assignment Example The main question from the worldview to each individual is how do you view or see the world? In understanding worldview, therefore, there are beliefs and patterns taken by various people so as to try and explain these challenging phenomena. Some of them include the religious worldview, with the majority being the Christian worldview, scientific worldview, political worldview, culture and many different sub-categories in which one may decide to view the world, including relationships and business. In summary, the worldview can be seen as the conception of the world that is comprehensive from a particular standpoint (Holmes 5). My personal world view is Christian worldview. My personal beliefs and experiences have made me decide that the Christian worldview explains and makes me understand challenging phenomena in the world. In supporting the Christian worldview, there are various terms that have to be understood. The changing patterns and ways of life and the world at large are consid ered worldview according to personal assertion and observation. Christian worldview tries to explain this changing pattern hence making it is easy for me to understand and explain various things in my environment. It is important to understand the terms like reality, ignorance and informed view when trying to explain the Christian Worldview perspective. The reality of the world is usually expressed by the patterns affecting one’s daily life, people, therefore, develop beliefs and faith. Ignorance is taken to be the lack of knowledge or idea about something but has always been not accepted as an excuse for not understanding and judging what is right or wrong. Many people are ignorant since they do not have an informed view of what life is all about. People of this caliber live without goals, ambitions, visions, and dreams. An informed view can easily be acquired by gaining knowledge through relevant institutions such as schools. Such a view is further boosted by acquiring expe rience through day-to-day life. Whereas some of the worldview according to some people might have been acquired through learning, some can also achieve this knowledge through inheritance. The Christian worldview is composed of a culture passed down from one generation to another. The Christian worldview is based on what can be perceived to be normal, moral and logic. In reality, whatever one believes in is always true according to the context and the environment, but this is not always true in every places or instance (Walsh & Middleton 32). I find the Christian worldview to be true to the environment and the context of humanity. Personality towards worldview involves the ability to sense, think, know, and act to a specific reaction.  

German and French Fascism between 1870 and 1939 Essay

German and French Fascism between 1870 and 1939 - Essay Example German and French Fascism between 1870 and 1939 Social unrest between the opposed classes increase and terminates a social revolution. Marx despised ethical dissertation and constantly opposed moralistic involvements in the political and social issues. Marxism proclaimed that Communists did not preach morality at all. Marx did not show any interest in discussions on how people ought to act in a morally defensible way. He argued that capitalism had destroyed morality and turned it into a real lie. Attempts to develop socialistic ideas on moral precepts were considered as being distractions from the significance of confronting the fundamental causes of social misery in the course of material production. Marx opposed the commodification of labor and held that it rendered the worker economical and political powerless. Marxism on the other hand is based on a philosophical viewpoint called dialectical materialism. This precept holds that the history of humans is the story of class warfare. The society in this case is seen to struggle through different development stages. At each stage of development, the proletariat gains some more freedom that brings them closer to their goal of proletarian revolution. According to the maxims, there is no principle that supports the history of the materialistic, there is no God.The believe that religion is false is hereby considered to be a bourgeoisie tool which attempts to prevent the communist revolution. In the German revolution, the ruling class opposed the precepts of maxims. The struggle of the people to move to a state of freedom is considered to have been a real struggle. However, Marx still pushed on with his ideologies for the establishment of a revolutionized community. Trotsky who addressed the Germany communist Party to stop Fascism seconds the analys is. His aim was that they break not the Comintern itself but the Comintern policy5. Germany revolution ends, due in large part to some democratic parties6. Some of the parties during this revolution belonged to the old second international. Prior to the war, the social democratic party had never held power but only remained in the opposition and therefore supported the war. The statement executes Karl Rosa Luxemburg. In January 1923, the French administrations send troops to occupy the Ruhr. Unrests soar while the working class takeoffs massive strikes and wiping out the savings of the middle class. Some parties labeled themselves ‘Marxist’ while forty-five percent of the total voters supported them. Some ultra-rights movements grew and emphasized on the Marxism ideology of unity of the international working class. Hitler was very hostile to this ideology of Marxism due to its emphasis on the unity of the global working class instead of on racial solidarity7. The plan t o defend Belgium was aimed at making a stand at a line of forts between the league and the Antwerp cities. The British armies found them under attack on May 13 since they had been unaware that the Germany paratrooper units had already captured their forts. The offensive of Germany to the south unexpectedly emerged from Ardennes forests at the second time. During the following few days, the main allied armies were trapped between the German forces and were therefore unable to protect either Paris or stop the Germans from entering to the English channel8. The German troops to the south went on between the

Pain in unresponsive patients Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pain in unresponsive patients - Essay Example A contributing factor for this could be that the various pain scales available for noncommunicative patients generally are subjective and, therefore, lacking in inter-rater reliability. Besides, research in pain assessment tools has not been adequate. The major aims of this study are (1) to compare the Numerical Rating Scale and the Behavioral Pain Scale for measuring pain in unresponsive patients, and Pain is an important problem in critical care and accurate assessment of pain in the unresponsive patient is indeed a challenge. The unresponsive patients include pediatric, trauma, surgery, cancer, and critically ill, end-of- life cases. The attending nurses are generally accountable for pain management in the patient. It is estimated that critically ill patients dying in the ICU account for nearly 20% of the hospital deaths (Rocker & Curtis, 2003). Hence, nursing care decisions made at the end of life are crucial for the comfort of the patient. Palliative care has been defined by the World Health Organization as "the total care of patients and families whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment" (WHO, 1990, p.11). Assessment and management of pain in the palliative care is a very difficult process especially in the case of a non-verbal patient (Gambrell, 2005). Health-care providers play an active role in managing pain and providing comfort to such patients. But unmitig ated pain in the absence of adequate use of analgesics and sedatives can lead to enhanced morbidity and mortality in patients in the ICU (Ahlers et al., 2008). The tools available for pain assessment in noncommunicative patients are mostly subjective which is a great drawback. Ideally, an objective tool for quantification of pain intensity capable of providing a quick feedback would be needed to provide comfort to the unresponsive patient (Gambrell, 2005). Critically ill patients show a variety of hormonal changes and neurogenic blockade and analgesia with local anaesthetics can prevent

Legal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management Essay Example for Free

Legal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management Essay Today’s classrooms are more dynamic than ever before. Educational needs of students are changing at breakneck speeds, along with the demands being placed on their teachers. There are associated legal and ethical implications that are evolving as rapidly as the technology that is driving a lot of the change. In order to have a chance to meet the needs of students and legal/ethical obligations, educators must have well developed classroom management techniques. These can get tricky quite often and require balancing the increasingly diverse needs of many different people. To be an effective teacher today is extremely difficult for these reasons. This essay will examine some of the current issues that teachers are exposed to in today’s classrooms by summarizing four journal articles and responding to them. The specific issues will be free speech and what it means in a school setting, cell phones in classrooms, bullying (specifically of students with disabilities), and gender specific dress codes. Freedom of Speech The issue addressed in the first article summary is freedom of speech and how it is interpreted in a public school setting in relation to the distribution of religious materials. This is really not a new topic of debate. Current precedents have been set in court cases dating as far back as1969 and the Tinker vs. Desmoines case. In that case, the court decision reads that, in order to prohibit any students’ expression of opinion, the school must provide evidence to support the fact that the actions being suppressed would be significantly disruptive (Essex, 2006). Because it is an issue of ongoing debate there are cases still being heard all over the country. This article is specifically in response to a case in the New York Supreme Court, where a student was prohibited from distributing religious fliers on school property. The question is, why was the student prevented from expressing her opinion in the first place. According to Essex (2006), one of the requirements placed on schools is that they remain viewpoint neutral. This means that if the literature was suppressed because it was religious in nature, the suppression violated her First Amendment rights, even in the school setting. In all court cases, the real message has been that schools are responsible for making sure parents and students are aware that the schools are merely sending messages indiscriminately from religious and non-secular sources and that they are not in support of any of them (Essex, 2006). Really the essence of the article is that sound policies must be in place, well documented, and consistently followed for a school to be able to regulate what a student says or distributes and there must be no endorsement of any particular ideas from any group or student. Cell phones The next topic of discussion is cell phones in classrooms. The article being summarized is entitled The Only Thing We Have to Fear is†¦120 Characters. In this article, Kevin Thomas and Christy McGee (2012) make arguments for the use of cellphones in classrooms in spite of the fact that 69% have banned them. This paper responds to the many reasons for disallowing their use, and then it goes on to highlight some ideas about why cell phones should be used as educational tools. Both sides of the discussion certainly make valid points. If 69% schools have taken students cell phones away, there must be some reasons. Thomas Mcgee (2012) identified and responded to four commonly offered rationales, including misuse for cheating, replacing Standard English with textese, sexting, and cyberbulling. It seems rather obvious that these are negative side effects of the technology, however there are also positive results that can be attributed to the use of cell phones. Today, they are relatively affordable and powerful miniature computers. When used properly, the possibilities for better use of time are astonishing. According to Thomas and McGee (2012), teachers need to be modeling appropriate behavior with their portable electronic devices and taking advantage of the benefits because the technology is not the cause of the problems. The problems being associated with cell phones all existed in some form, long before modern technology. Thomas Diamates (2010) reports that courts have supported schools in their efforts to ban cell phone use as long as the school follow established procedures. Bullying The third topic has to do with bullying, specifically students with disabilities. These students stand out in the classroom, as they are â€Å"different† and so they are subjects of increased abuse from fellow students (Eckes and Gibbs, 2012). Schools and teachers have an obligation to provide students with disabilities a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2004). This paper looks at the findings in several court cases to establish what is required of teachers in situations where students with disabilities are being bullied. What this article shows is that there are an increasing number of suits against school where disabled children are being bullied. The interpretation of what is considered an appropriate education, and whether or not the school took proper preventative/disciplinary steps in light of the bullying are the reasons for these suits. The findings of this study provide evidence that the courts will generally side with schools that have taken and documented actions to alleviate the harassment. In Brown vs. Monroe County Board of Education (1999), the Supreme Court ruled that for a school to be liable, it must receive federal funds, it must have been aware of and acted â€Å"deliberately indifferent† to the harassment, and the bullying must have been severe enough to deprive educational opportunity (Eckes and Gibbs, 2012). Basically, schools must make an adequate effort to alleviate the harassment in order to limit their liability, and this has been upheld by the courts in cases like Werth v. Board of Directors (2007), and Biggs v. Board of Education (2002). Dress codes The last article on the list takes a look at how and why public schools can or cannot implement gender based dress codes. Proponents of dress codes list reasons including less distractions, less pressure to dress right, safety, and lower cost to families. Opponents say that dress codes take away students expressive rights, which are already severely limited in school settings. In this particular case, Ceara Sturgis had her picture and name removed from her senior yearbook because she is a lesbian who was more comfortable wearing the school prescribed male outfit. The current question is whether or not this is in violation of her civil liberties. Historically the courts have upheld the rights of schools to implement dress codes with very few exceptions. In Blau v. Fort Thomas Public School District (2005), a father brought suit against the school for violating 1st and 14th amendment rights with their dress code. The court found no violation of rights since â€Å"it is not related to suppression of the content of expression, it furthers a substantial government interest, and it does not burden substantially more speech than is necessary to further that interest† (Dowling-Sender, p. 34, 2005). On the other side of the coin, in United States vs. Virginia (1996), schools were required to show a â€Å"legitimate and important† reason for any gender based restrictions (Smith, 2012). In Ceara’s case, the school is going to have to show that it meets all these criteria, and the outcome has some potentially far reaching consequences. What all this means is that teaching in todays classrooms must be dynamic. Teachers need to be aware of their ever-changing legal and ethical obligations as educators. Decisions must be based on sound judgment and carefully documented observations. Teachers, students, and parents must work together and communicate with each other to create the best possible learning environment for everyone.

Servicescape analysis of a function

Servicescape analysis of a function Executive Summary Purpose: The purpose of this report is to critically analyse an establishment’s different servicescape dimensions and to provide an overall assessment of its servicescape. Analyses: The report aims to find out the different servicescape being utilised by the establishment which makes them successful and what’s need to change. The information in this report is collected through literature reviews mostly journal articles and an actual participation in each experience. Overall Assessment: Discussion will provide a value insight and practical knowledge regarding the topic and will provide more qualitative understanding of the findings to help future researchers improve upon the present study. Conclusion: In conclusion The servicescape plays a major part in shaping customers’ perception of the firm’s image and positioning. A service quality is often difficult to assess as customers frequently use the servicescape as an important quality signal. A well designed servicescape makes customers feel good and boosts their satisfaction and allows the firm to influence their behaviour on enhancing the productivity of the service operation. Numerous tactical decisions must be made when designing the organisation’s environment. Individuals based perceptions of the organisation’s services on sensory cues that exist in the organisation’s environment. Specific tactical decisions must be made about the creation and sometimes the avoidance of scent appeals, sight appeals, sound appeals, touch appeals and taste appeals. The design of management of the organisation’s sensory cues are critical to its long term success. The servicescape must be designed with consideration of the impact on each of the five (5) senses. The Saints Brasserie is located at Edensor Road, serving lunches and dinner, Saints offers Australian and French cuisine with spectacular views. Their staffs provide guests with unsurpassed service, sumptuously prepared dishes served in a warm and friendly atmosphere. It can be a favourite destination spot and a great place to enjoy delightful meals, share a cocktail or glass of wine with friends. Their extensive wine cellar offers a wide selection of vintages and elegant food pairing possibilities. With inside seating, guests can enjoy expertly prepared poultry, fresh seafood, and meats all cook to order. For dessert, enjoy fresh fruits, cappuccino, simple chocolate and deep dark espresso or relax under the stars. Introduction The term â€Å"brasserie† is a French word meaning a French restaurant serving singled dishes with a relaxed seating. This gives Saints a French appeal. Saints Brasserie has a simple servicescape. The restaurant is designed to target the average income class and anyone who is looking for great food at affordable prices. Physical Dimension A.1 Signs, symbols artifacts As soon as patrons arrive at St. John’s RSL, they are given immediate directions on where to go. The plentiful amount of signs throughout the establishment show where things are located and how to get around. One of the highlights at Saints is the use of collaterals highlighting the daily specials hanging high up on the wall outside of the entrance for everyone to clearly see. This will gain the attention of patrons and track those who are interested with the special being offered. Patrons also need to first find a table before ordering. However, the signage is so small and unnoticeable which creates confusion and disorganisation to both the cashier and customers especially during their peak hours, which is from 11PM – 1PM and 5PM-8PM. There is a signage that says â€Å"Order here† which clearly shows where to line up for dining in or taking out. Customers can only make one line, but there are two cash counters that speed up the ordering process. Guests are assisted by friendly staffs who have knowledge both the menu and food. Also, outside the entrance is the monitor with the entire menu of the restaurant with every item Saints has to offer. Though occasional, it is poorly chosen as it is in the middle of the line and those who choose to see the menu without waiting in line are not able to as there is no crowding allowed in that hall. Moreover, the menu of Saints is detailed with few visual aids and variety. Included in the menu is their monthly specials. The menu is not cluttered so customers can easily find the desired items. Here is the sample of what Saints has to offer for dinks and food. Both are presented well and taste great. A.2. Space/ Function Saints does an excellent job of transforming the BINGO area into seating and therefore utilises it for more than one purpose. This is made available when the area is not being used for gaming. However, Saints has no separate room for special events and larger party. There are three different types of atmospheres and tables within the restaurant. There is the regular seating, the boost banquet seating which is located along the windows of the bar near the back as well as the bar seating which are raised tables and taller chairs. In every meal, patrons can get a free drink which you have to claim at the RSL’s main bar. The bar is central to seating which is beneficial as it allows customers to have easy access to the bar without going all the way into the restaurant. It is accessible right by the door so if one wanted to just attend the bar then they could do so. However, the restaurant does not offer seating at the bar. That is why instead of the usual bar set-up where TVs are located just above the bar, the television at Saints are located on the right side of the main bar where customers can wait for their orders and drinks. The televisions in Saints are often displaying sports channels, which is very indicative of the Sports bar appeal the restaurant has. Different TVs often shows different sports so customers can choose what is most important to them to watch and focus on that. A.3 Ambient Conditions During the day, there is a non- direct natural light from the windows while the general view of the interior lights provide a warm bright atmosphere. The entire restaurant is very clean with modern styling. There is a lot of available space and is open in concept. For the dinner atmosphere, the lighting is reduced to a more amber special area lighting approach creating a more comfortable atmosphere for customers can feel that they can stay longer. The restaurant music and noise stays at reasonable levels allowing for table conversations. The creative and vibrant lighting at the bar changes further emphasising the nightlife mode. It is suggestive of a fun, upbeat nightclub and a place to let loose and grab a drink with friends. After dinner is over, the lights are reduced further for the bar crowd. Lighting is changed to spotlighting approach for areas that need vision. Reducing the lighting makes people feel less self-conscious and more inclined to dance and drink. The music and people of the night time bar are all of similar age as expected at a RSL. B. Social Dimension Employees at Saints know the responsibilities and are delegated to specific tasks such as clearing and serving food orders. The main bar is spacious enough where bartenders can easily move behind the bar to efficiently make drinks and take orders. However, Saints has its downfalls and unfortunately there are unnoticeable faults that hindered my experience during atleast one of my visits. The first being, keeping the cleaning supplies out of the eyes of the guests especially not putting the dirty rags right beside the clean cutlery. The initial greeting and wait times can take very long and guests never know how long they actually have to wait. Moreover, food orders also take too long to come out. We have waited for more than an hour before it came out. Socially – symbolic Dimension D. Natural Dimension Overall Assessment First impressions are key to a positive experience. Luckily, a solution to each negative influence to the servicescape can easily be made. Overall, Saints has transformed into a bar with a true identity. One that is connected and integrated with its customers with modern sports bar dà ©cor, functional layout with various seating options and a conveniently located bar among other great features. Staffs are friendly, the aromas are enticing and food are delicious. Knowing this, Saints has a solid foundation but does need some direction to really make it a place to be.

Innocent until Proven Guilty Police Body Cameras

Innocent until Proven Guilty Police Body Cameras All police officers should wear body cameras because it helps to protect the public, it helps with the police officers safety, the back and forth accusing of racial profiling, and also the neighborhood safety. Body cameras can serve as a reliable eyewitness. Without the body cameras, it would be the victims word against the police officers. According to The Daily Beast, These are the Victims of the Dallas Police Massacre Brent Thompson was an officer who died during the Dallas Police Massacre. Before joining the Department in 2009, Thompson trained police in Iraq and Afghanistan while working for a private military contractor. it also states how great of a police officer Thompson was andIn May, Thompson shared a meme that she read, when I die my friends better do this at my funeral written on top of a scene from the show Eastbound Down if worn cameras during the deadliest day for U.S law enforcement since 9/11 maybe the world would know who killed the wonderful officer Thompson. The use of body cameras can protect police officers from being falsely accused of unnecessary actions or brutality against suspected criminals. According to Considering Police body cameras, Marcus Jeter was arrested by New Jersey Police officers during the summer of 2012 and subsequently, charged with eluding the police, resisting arrest, and aggravated assault on a police officer. Parts of this encounter, were caught on tape by the dashboard camera in the officers cruiser. Jeter maintains from the beginning that the officers has used excessive force while arresting him and that he had not acted violently. The Bloomfield Police Department conducted an internal investigation and found the officers did nothing wrong. Jeters arrest, his attorney uncovered evidence that a second police cruiser had been on the scene that night. This shows how police officers are also getting the protection they deserve while using body cameras, without this evidence from the video cameras it would of been the officers word against Jeters. Police officers are more likely to be protected from criminals trying to attack them because evidence is available to contact them. The number of deaths from last year has been outrageous. Many people are concerned about not only the safety of citizens but also the use of guns. Some people feel as if the deaths of most citizens has been because of the use of racial profiling. Veronica Majerol from New York Times Upfront states in the case of Michael Brown, an unarmed black teenager. Some witnesses confirmed Officer Darren Wilsons account that hed shot Michael Brown in self-defense. Others said Brown didnt pose a threat and that the shooting amounted to murder. A jury decided not to charge Wilson with a crime, but what really happened that night? If the encounter had been captured on video, some would have argued wed know After Wilsons innocence and the death of Brown thousands of people looked at this case as the use of racial profiling killing innocent people because of the color of their skin. As stated above people would know more about the case of Browns and hes death if use of body cameras were worn during t his incident. Furthermore, body cameras is also a great way to create safer communities. David French response to Trayvon Martin case An armed neighborhood-watch volunteer, George Zimmerman, shot and killed an unarmed teen, Trayvon Martin. Zimmerman claimed Martin had attacked him without any justifiable provocation. With that being said if Zimmerman was wearing a body cameras during his claim attack by the teenage boy February 26, 2016 this would of shown rather or not Martin did actually attack him. So many thing is going in the world today rather its public safety, the officers safety, the racial profiling, or even neighborhood safety. Cops will be more protected if wearing a video camera, just like the police ovth says you are innocent until proven guilty and the video cameras shows just that, and also more of a suspect and a victim. References 13-Year-Old With a BB Gun Is Shot and Killed by Police in Columbus, Ohio. Daily Intelligencer, 15 Sept. 2016. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA463581242it=rasid=cda072b43290f61613c17c1b2ebfa48b. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. Body of evidence grows, but questions remain about police body cameras. American City County, 28 Sept. 2016. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA465071065it=rasid=950657093dd447a10f9907a85c057467. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. Considering police body cameras. Harvard Law Review, Apr. 2015, p. 1794+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA412800618it=rasid=5a50cce41c3ebfd18f649a9ba6938064. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. Majerol, Veronica. Should police wear body cameras? While video can tell us a lot about encounters between the police and the public, body cams also raise concerns about privacy. New York Times Upfront, 7 Sept. 2015, p. 6+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA436695119it=rasid=524ebcba9260ccc1380ec5d4a7ecd396. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017.

Essay --

My background is a traditional literacy as I started with my research papers with arguments and making a point; and the following years with writing an essay or a term paper and other academic formal papers each week; and finally I have learned the truth that I did not love this activity, but it has taught me how to think in an organized manner. But reading taught me how to be a better writer and the amazing part is that technology contributed a major part to hone my reading and writing skills. I have learned to rely on the Internet for my researches and I knew that I could write creatively, or express my own opinion, in a manner more persuasive than working on it using the traditional literacy methods. Using the computer before was introduced to me as a tool for learning by educational games and computer programs, but as times passed the use of the computer for learning became the available tool for me that have cultivated my love for reading and writing. Blogging is writing which is a fun and great way to encourage creativity without any binding rules for a contemporary student like me that is full of emotions, arguments and ideas that I cannot express in formal academic writing. Integrating new literacy particularly technologically into the classroom is a smart move to implement a positive interaction with much gusto. At first, I thought that this major development would lead to my education’s trend towards reading and writing even less, but the new approach to literacy keeps me happy and comfortable, and even make me do logical and cohesive writing. Blogging is a useful tool for my inability to think critically and write persuasively. I do believe though that there is value in the traditional as well as the new literacy... ...al literacy might change the way we write and who we interact with. 21st century literacy involves not only reading and writing competency, but also involves technological ability to effectively engage in a technologically advanced world. I have learned to analyze text easily as well as analyzing multimedia such as images, sound and video, and understand how the appearance of print affects my understanding of ideas. My writing has become more concise on the Internet as I have the choice of my writing style such as a blog and regularly communicate with my peers. As I see the different effects of social media on all sectors of society, I also see a more disciplined future social media age and literacy activities by more students being aware of critical thinking in the decisions that they make in blogging or performing other forms of online written communication.

Core Identity :: essays research papers

Historically, societies have had a great deal of influence over the individuals making up their respective civilization. Every society, regardless of how autonomous their society allows their populous to be, directly and indirectly extends a level of control. Self-governing persons often think of themselves as immune to society’s invisible sway; and to varying degrees they are however, their core identity is ultimately shaped and molded by interacting with other members of humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I hear a proverb such as â€Å"pull yourself up by the bootstraps† or â€Å"I’m the captain of my ship† it stirs feelings of sovereignty and freedom and the ability to whatever I want, whenever I want. In some cases these statements are true, if for example one wanted to go the movies, that person could simply get in their car and go to the movies. Perfect example of being â€Å"the captain of your own ship† Seems to be a sound statement, but what if the person didn’t have money to see the movie, or couldn’t walk to the movies because they didn’t have legs due to an injury during the Gulf War. Now it appears that his â€Å"ship has been commandeered†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The above case in point is an example of how society will have a â€Å"hand on the rudder of everyone’s ship† Even if that individual decided he was going to the movies, circumstances beyond his control have dictated what he can and cannot do in certain situations. Because of the war this individual had no legs, because he had no legs he didn’t have a job, because he had no job, he had no money consequently; he wasn’t going to the movies. Proverbs like â€Å"being the captain of your own ship† are merely motivational anecdotes that help alleviate the sometimes harsh certainty that is one’s potential. Everything an individual does is governed in some fashion by the constraints put upon him or her by society and their relevant place in society.